Types of Federal Loan Programs

There are four basic Federal student loan programs that you should be aware of: Perkins, Stafford, PLUS and consolidation loans.

Perkins Loans
Stafford Loans
PLUS Loans
Consolidation Loans

Perkins Loans Top
These loans are offered to students with the most financial need; however, this loan is not available at all schools
  • Interest rate is fixed at 5 percent.
  • While in school, you are not required to make any payments.
  • After leaving school, you have a 9-month grace period before repayment begins.
  • Maximum amount you can borrow each year is $4,000.

Stafford Loans Top
These loans are offered to students and are available in two forms: subsidized and unsubsidized.

The subsidized Stafford loan has a fixed interest rate of 6 percent, and the unsubsidized Stafford loan has a fixed interest rate of 6.8 percent as of July 1, 2008. You also have a 6-month grace period in which to pay back the loan after you graduate or are no longer enrolled at least half-time.

The Stafford loan limits have increased for those loans first disbursed on or after July 1, 2008.

For subsidized loans:
  • Eligibility determined on the basis of need.
  • Interest is paid by the Federal government during the grace period, deferment period, and until the student ceases to be enrolled at least half-time at an eligible institution.

For unsubsidized loans:
  • Eligibility is not determined on the basis of financial need. Regardless of income, you can obtain this loan.
  • Interest is not paid by the Federal government, so you are responsible for all interest payments.
  • Interest and principal may be deferred during in-school periods.
  • You have the option of making interest payments while in school or having the interest deferred.

PLUS Loans Top
These loans are offered to parents  to help them pay for their children's education. These loans are also offered to graduate and professional students.

Parents and graduate and professional students must pass a credit check to be eligible for these loans.

In addition to the credit check, graduate and professional students also need to apply for the maximum amount of a Stafford loan before taking out a PLUS loan.
  • You can borrow up to the cost of attendance at the desired school minus any other financial aid received.
  • Interest rate is fixed at 8.5 percent for all loans with a first disbursement after July 1, 2006.

Consolidation Loans Top
Consolidation loans allow you to combine all of your federal student loans into a single new loan after you graduate or leave school.

This can be a great way to simplify repayment since you'll only make one monthly payment to one lender. Also, your payments can be considerably lower because the payback terms can be much longer.

On the other hand, increasing the amount of time you have to pay back your loans means you'll pay more interest over time.